| Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia | ||||||
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| Capital | Sukhumi (de jure) Sukhumi (1992–1993) Tbilisi (1993–2006) Chkhalta (2006–2008) Tbilisi (since 2008) |
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| Official language(s) | Abkhaz, Georgian | |||||
| Government | in exile | |||||
| - | Chairman, Cabinet of Ministers |
Giorgi Baramia |
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| - | Chairman, Supreme Council | Elguja Gvazava | ||||
| de jure Autonomous republic of Georgia | ||||||
| - | Georgian independence from the Soviet Union Declared
Recognised |
April 9, 1991 December 25, 1991 |
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| Currency | Georgian lari (GEL) |
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The Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia is an administration recognized by Georgia as the legal government-in-exile of Abkhazia. Abkhazia that has been de facto independent of Georgia – though with very little international recognition – since the early 1990s. This pro-Georgian government maintained a foothold on Abkhazian territory until it was forced into exile by fighting in August 2008. Giorgi Baramia, elected in June 2009, is the current head of the government-in-exile.
After the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) Georgia proposed five-party talks involving the Government of the Autonomous Republic, the government of the de facto authorities of Abkhazia, and the government of Georgia, along with Russia and the UN as interested parties, in order to settle the final status of Abkhazia within the framework of the Georgian state.[1] The Abkhaz side wanted assurances that Georgia would not try to solve the issue by force of arms before being a party to the talks.
Between September 2006 and July 2008, the Georgian recognized government was headquartered in Upper Abkhazia. However it was forced out of all of Abkhazia in August 2008 during the 2008 South Ossetia War by the Abkhazian armed forces. Upper Abkhazia is a territory that has population of c. 2,000 (1-1.5% of Abkhazia's post-war population) and is centered on the upper Kodori Valley (roughly 17% of the territory of the former Abkhaz ASSR). The government-in-exile is also partly responsible for the affairs of some 250,000 internally displaced persons who were forced to leave Abkhazia following the War in Abkhazia and the ethnic cleansing of Georgians that followed.[2][3]
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During the War in Abkhazia, the Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, then called the "Council of Ministers of Abkhazia", left Abkhazia after the Abkhaz separatist forces took control of the region’s capital Sukhumi after heavy fighting on September 27, 1993, leading to the Sukhumi Massacre, in which several members of the Abkhazian government of that time, including its chairman Zhiuli Shartava, were executed by the rebels. The Council of Ministers relocated to Georgia’s capital Tbilisi, where it operated as the Government of Abkhazia in exile for almost 13 years. During this period, the Government of Abkhazia in exile, led by Tamaz Nadareishvili, was known for a hard-line stance towards the Abkhaz problem and frequently voiced their opinion that the solution to the conflict can only be attained through Georgia's military response to secessionism. Later, Nadareishvili's administration was implicated in some internal controversies and had not taken an active part in the politics of Abkhazia until a new chairman, Irakli Alasania, was appointed by President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, his envoy in the peace talks over Abkhazia.
Amid the 2006 Georgian police operation in Abkhazia's Kodori Gorge, in which a local militia, led by the defiant warlord Emzar Kvitsiani, had been largely disarmed, and the constitutional order restored in the area, President Saakashvili announced, on July 27, 2006, that the authorities had decided to establish the Tbilisi-based Abkhazian government-in-exile in the Kodori Gorge (Upper Abkhazia):
This decision means that for the first time since 1993 the government enters into the midst of Abkhazia, of our Abkhazia, to exercise Georgian jurisdiction and the Georgian constitutional order. This is very important fact and very fundamental political event.[4]
During the 2008 War in Ossetia, the Republic of Abkhazia joined forces with the Ossetians and opened a second front against Georgia. During the Battle of the Kodori Valley Abkhazian forces loyal to the Government of the Republic of Abkhazia pushed the Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia out of the region of Abkhazia. Sergei Bagapsh, President of the Government of the Republic of Abkhazia said in an address to the Abkhazian people that “the jurisdiction of the Abkhaz state has been restored in the upper Kodori Gorge.”[5]
| Abkhazia |
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Other countries · Atlas |
| Office | Name | Party | Since |
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| Chairman of Cabinet of Ministers | Giorgi Baramia | June 2009 | |
| Chairman of the Supreme Council | Elguja Gvazava | Abkhazeti | June 2009 |
| Deputy of Supreme Council | Tamaz Khubua | Abkhazeti | June 2009 |
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